Dietary Factors That Affect Obesity Essay - 1222 Words

Dietary Factors There are many dietary factors that may contribute to obesity in children. The major factors are increased consumption of calorie-dense foods, saturated fats, and sugar in combination with sedentary behavior 8. Consumption of refined grains and sugar-sweetened beverages have lead to increases in unhealthy eating habits resulting in the rise of obesity 4. These sugar-sweetened drinks are also associated with increasing BMI 11. The focus of this synthesis is the importance of physical activity in treating individuals who are overweight and obese. However, it should be noted that the combination of dietary, physical activity, and behavioral interventions are most effective for developing a successful obesity prevention and treatment plan 22. Comorbidities Associated with Childhood Obesity With the alarming trends of obesity vastly increasing, the future health of pediatric populations will be vulnerable to several other obesity-related complications. The most prevalent comorbidities associated with obesity include: type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), inflammatory processes with links to hypertension and cardiovascular disease (CVD), dyslipidemia, liver dysfunction, cancer, respiratory and musculoskeletal disorders. Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder that is characterized by hyperglycemia, specifically T2DM is typically associated with the presence of obesity. Individuals with BMI over 35 kg/m ² are 20 times more likely to develop T2DM than individualsShow MoreRelatedObesity : A Social And Economic Impact On Public Health Policy Essay1622 Words   |  7 Pages Obesity in Adults: Introduction Obesity is defined as the excessive body fat accumulation that negatively impacts adult health conditions. Overweight and obese BMI is between 25 and 30 and 30. In 2010, obesity is a major public health issue that affects one million overweight adults and 400 million obese worldwide. Obesity is associated with risk factors such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and obstructive sleep apnea etc. (Fock Khow, 2013)Read MoreChildhood Obesity in Latino Children1187 Words   |  5 PagesChildhood Obesity in Latino Children. Cindy Martinez Phoenix University The purpose of the Powerpoint presentation in the workplace project is to raise awareness for health care workers in regards to the increasing rate of obese Latino children in the United States. In the past several decades and according to the State of Obesity â€Å"38.9 % of children ages 2-19 are obese in the Latino culture.† The rates of severe obesity are higher amongst these children compared to the White American childrenRead MoreChildren And Obesity783 Words   |  4 Pagespopulation is considered to be obese. The rates of obesity, however, vary by age. 8 percent of children between 2 and 5 are obese. Among those between 6 and 11, 18 percent of these children are obese (Segal, Rayburn, Alejandra, 2016). Finally, 21 percent of those 12 and 19 years are obese. As mentioned before, obesity among children between 2 and 5 are decreasing. But those among age groups 11 and 19 are increasing. This may explain the constant rate of obesity among children. Variation in Gender, RaceRead MoreChildhood Obesity And Its Effects On Children And The Dangers Associated With This Rise1438 Words   |  6 Pagesdiscussing the recent increase of obesity rates in children and the dangers associated with this rise. The research focused specifically on children who had survived cancer and later developed obesity, causing more complications in their health. This rise of obesity in child cancer survivors has been linked to numerous potential factors causing an increase in the possibility of developing this disease. The potential factors that increase the risk of childhood obesity in cancer survivors include, treatmentRead MoreCauses Of Obesity In Western Countries1251 Words   |  6 Pages Obesity in Western Countries: Causes and Implications Over the past two-decades obesity has risenn at an alarming rate globally and now is reaching epidemic proportions in the western and industrialized countries†¦ USA. Obesity prevalence in the United states is among the highest globaly as its obesity rate is projected to climb from today’s 30-40% today to a shocking 70% in 20301 . In particular, childhood obesity exhibited the highest growth rate today, tripling the percentage of children overRead MoreEffectiveness Of Intervention Programs On Childhood Obesity Essay1489 Words   |  6 Pageson Childhood Obesity Childhood obesity is growing very rapidly all over the world. Childhood obesity can go further into adulthood. Obesity causes different kinds of health problems such as cardiovascular disease, metabolic, type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure and high cholesterol. It has psychological effects. For example, obese children have lower self-esteem, negative body image and suffer from depression and poor academic performance. There are many factors that result in obesity. They have unhealthyRead MoreThe Importance Of Studying The Differences Among Urban And Rural Communities Across The United States1429 Words   |  6 Pagesstudying the differences among urban and rural communities across the United States in regards to adulthood obesity. To start, it is known that rural areas of the country are prone to have a greater number of individuals living with a chronic disease as well as higher occurrence of all-cause mortality. These findings from the 1997-1998 National Health Interview Survey ( NHIS) and Behavior Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) are the based off of individual information. In turn, the current study isRead MoreChild Obesity As An Issue Of Public Health, The Socio Ecological Model1130 Words   |  5 PagesTo understand the phenomena behind child obesity as an issue of public health, the socio-ecological model should be considered. As seen in the Figure 1 below, the ecological model considers individual factors, relationship factors, community factors, and societal factors. Individual level (first level at the extreme right) includes biology and personal characteristics such as, knowledge, attitudes, self-efficacy, racial/ethnic identity, gender, age, and religious identity. Relationship level (secondRead MoreThe Obesity Epidemic Remains A Public Health Concern Worldwide1115 Words   |  5 Pages CHAPTER 1: LITERATURE REVIEW Overview The obesity epidemic remains a public health concern worldwide. Obesity rates remain high in the United States, where one third of adults are obese.1 According to the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), the percent of children (ages 2-19 years) who are obese rose from 14.5% in 1999 to 17.3% in 2012.1 A recent study based on the 2012-2013 NHANES suggests a stabilization in obesity rates since 2003-2004, with a significant decrease amongRead MoreThe Dietary Guidelines For Americans911 Words   |  4 PagesThe Dietary Guidelines for Americans,2010 contains recommendations for healthy food choices and physical activity for the nation. This report is updated and issued every 5 years by the Department of Agriculture (USDA) and the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). The information that is presented is fostered by the 2010 Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee which consists of scientific experts. The goal of the document is to increase knowledge and to p ut what is learned into action by facilitating

Technologys Effect on Music Essay - 908 Words

In the past ten years Auto-Tune has been the death of real music, just as Charles Manson killed Sharon Tate. While the program didn’t hold a gun to music’s head, it was the mastermind behind the decline of raw emotion. In the 70’s and 80’s music was more than just perfect figures and dance moves, music was real. When someone got up to sing in front of an audience they really sang, there was no other option. In the 2000s though, whenever there’s a performance it’s commonplace to sing to a track. Because of Auto-Tune most of us don’t even know what our favorite musicians really sound like. Whenever you see performances from the 70’s and 80’s what do you think of the vocals? Do you think they’re not as fine-tuned as performances from the†¦show more content†¦That would never get someone signed today. There were guitar riffs and mistakes and those things are vanishing the more technology evolves. It was scratc hy and imperfect and that’s what made it so relatable to youth. In 1997 Auto-Tune came out and ever since then the music industry has been going downhill. Now we seem to be looking for perfection in all around us and that’s not what music is. Music is an emotion provoking experience, now we’re just looking for sugar coated good looks and a good beat. Lip-synching has become a common practice in the music industry. Now instead of chancing a mistake artists would rather put on a faà §ade and sing to a track. Every live pop performance in the past few years has been with the help of a track. That’s partially Auto-Tune’s fault. Auto-Tune has taught musicians that perfection through computerization is the standard at which the industry is operating on. Just take Britney Spears’ come back performance at the 2007 MTV Video Music Awards. She was pressured into returning for the publicity, sang along with a track, and ended up messing up more often than not. The song was so distorted compared to her first single, Hit Me Baby One More Time, and that’s because of the heightened use of Auto-Tune. It’s either use Auto-Tune or lose your record deal. Now rather than relying on talent people rely on programs to manipulate their voice and makeShow MoreRelatedThe Time Machine, And The Machine Stops By. Forster1526 Words   |  7 PagesProjections that have been made about how today’s society and culture will look in the coming years, decades, and centuries, all have yet to be seen in how valid they are. If you look in any sort of media: television, social media, or radio/music, you will see people giving their interpretations of what will become of our world down the road. Yet, few people look to see how our the current state of culture and society reflect the projections made by people in previous years, decades, and centuriesRead MoreIntroduction. With The Development Of Information Technology1216 Words   |  5 Pagesand feedback. Information systems include that people, processes, machines, DVDs, CDs, telephone, computer, iPhone, TV, iPad and information technology. Information’s produce needs Technology’s support. Technology is a collection of techniques, skills, methods and processes to produce goods and services. Technology’s transmitting needs their media, media is a pattern of manifestation. Today’s technology had tremendously improved our quality and level of our life and apply many fields. On the o neRead MoreThe Current State Of Culture And Society1642 Words   |  7 PagesProjections that have been made about how today’s society and culture will look in the coming years, decades, and centuries, all have yet to be seen in how valid they are. If you look in any sort of media: television, social media, or radio/music, you will see people giving their interpretations of what will become of our world down the road. Yet, few people look to see how our the current state of culture and society reflect the projections made by people in previous years, decades, and centuriesRead More3G Technology and Its Uses1257 Words   |  6 PagesTable of Contents No. Content Page 1. Introduction 1 2. Technology’s application 2 3. Data communication concept 4 4. Technology capabilities 5 5. Examples of this technology that is being used in the market 6 6. Advantages and Disadvantages 8 7. Conclusion 9 8. References `9 9. Introduction of 3G 3G means â€Å"Third Generation† for mobile telecommunication technology. It transfer rate at least 200 kilobytes per second for information transfer. It is faster than earlier generationRead MoreComputer Software Technology For Early Childhood Developmental Learning Processes For ( Pre K ) Children Ages 1-62469 Words   |  10 Pageschildhood developmental learning processes for (Pre-K) children ages 3-5? Introduction Advances in technology since my children were born have always fascinated me. My fondest memories were traveling with the children in the car-prior to technology’s takeover. We would sing and talk to one another during this time. We were fortunate to live in an area close where we did not have to travel great distances to and from school, shopping, dance lessons, tennis, soccer, karate, church or the moviesRead MoreTechnology in Life775 Words   |  3 Pagesclear to understand more in work, its very fast to work on many things and they don’t need books but disadvantages its needs strong a lot of electricity ,if it has a small problem then it makes the more situation negative effects for work and its make more negative effects for health. Entitled the future of technology in Oman: where from here? KOMs final seminar of the year will be delivered by professor Thomas Anderson ,senior, technology and innovation policy at the newly-launched research councilRead MoreAlbum Analysis: Crash Essay1524 Words   |  7 Pagesslow, â€Å"Im coming slow but speeding,† but his feelings are too strong and he will do whatever it takes to convince her even if it hurts him in the end (Lyrics). It also references his rise to fame and people coming to him for that rather than the music. The sixth song on the album is â€Å"Say Goodbye† expressing Dave’s desire for a friend. Throughout the song hes talking about taking this relationship to the next level even though he knows that everything will change after this night, but hes tryingRead MoreOnline Social Media: YouTube Essay980 Words   |  4 Pages(YouTube, 2014). Although, there continues to be a concern surrounding the regulation of this medium and copyright infringement laws, it is still widely used by individuals and large organizations. Implications This space contains media in the form of music, advertisements, videos, lectures, tutorials, and personal video blogs. People utilize YouTube for personal, professional, and educational purposes. YouTube has become one of the main sources to search for news stories (Steinberg, 2012). SteinbergRead MoreFamous Greek Statues: The Venus de Milo976 Words   |  4 Pagesminiature replica of the statue was created using a 3D printer, technology’s newest advance in digital imaging. The Venus de Milo has remained relevant and thought-provoking to this day due to its historical significance and cultural impact. (Kousser, 2005) I chose to reinterpret the Venus de Milo statue as a song played on the piano. The melody was inspired by Trent Reznor’s â€Å"Leaving Hope†, but the arrangement, style and post-production effects are original. I first experimented with performing the songRead MoreTechnology During The Past Couple Decades1559 Words   |  7 PagesTechnology’s rapid development in the past couple decades has had a great impact on how the world functions today. People have become greatly dependent on technology and the internet that the concept of having a physical conversation does not seem appealing anymore. In fact, technology is widely used as an excuse by the public to ignore people that they do not wish to encounter. As the â€Å"technology era† progresses, essential communication skills seem to be sacrificed among people and replaced by the

To Kill a Mockingbird Atticus Finchs Courage free essay sample

TKM Courage In the 1930s, not many white people had courage for anything that meant standing up for anothers race. Any old fool can have courage. But back then, it took real courage to stand up for another race, even for a white lawyer who was loved by the town of Maycomb, Alabama. Atticus Finch had courage all throughout the story of To Kill A Mockingbird. He didnt Just have courage in his work, he stood up for what he thought was right. And for the courage he showed, it made everyone around him a better person as well as making them realize what was right from wrong. One quote that stood out the most to me in this story was by Atticus, Courage is not a man with a gun in his hand. Its knowing youre licked before you begin but you begin anyway and you see it through no matter what. We will write a custom essay sample on To Kill a Mockingbird: Atticus Finchs Courage or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page You rarely win, but sometimes you do. First off, how do we define courage? Its not something obviously given overnight, but its something that can be fgured out as a person goes through life. Atticus probably did not have it all of his life, but he did know right from wrong and what was and was not fair. This quote is trying to explain or tell that courage is not lways knowing all the right answers to solve every problem. You should go with your gut instinct and know that you may fail yet still do it, because its the right thing to do. And Atticus did that with Tom Robinson in the novel. He knew if he defended him he would be hated. However, Atticus defended Tom Robinson anyways because he had enough courage to stand up for what he believed in. There are some things in life that can not be changed. Changes may be determined by majority opinion or by a representative vote. The quote that ties in with that tatement is said by Atticus, One thing that doesnt abide by majority rule is a persons conscience. That quote or statement relates to this story so much, because a persons conscience has a lot to do with courage and knowing the right thing to do. Atticus was implying that no one can vote on what one has to do in life or tell one whats right or wrong. Its up to the individual to listen to his or her conscience. Atticus had enough courage to listen to his conscience and stand up for Tom and what he beli eved in to help this African American mans defense. In the 1930s in Alabama that wasnt always the smartest thing to do, defend an African American, especially if you were a white man. Atticus did not allow anyone to tell him what was the right thing to do. A vote doesnt have to be taken to decide if a decision is right or wrong. Atticus did not listen to other peoples opinions, instead he listened to his conscience. He made Scout realize the right thing in life. Therefore, many people benefited from his action. jailhouse where Tom Robinson was staying the night before the trial. Atticus realizes men were coming to hurt Tom so Atticus went down to the Jailhouse to stop Tom rom getting hurt. A mob of white men showed up to the Jailhouse, more than likely the Klu Klux Klan members. And unfortunately, Atticus was the only one out there. By now, everyone hated Atticus because he was defending a black man in a court case and being his lawyer. The mob of white men told Atticus to move, but but he said he wasnt leaving. Alone, this is an example of how much courage and bravery it took for Atticus to say to a group of KKK members, because Atticus could of been killed or badly hurt. However, Atticus strongly stood up for what he believed in no matter hat the outcome was and always following through with standing up for Tom and for his beliefs. Atticuss bravery evidently rubbed off on Scout because she ended up saving him at the Jailhouse which in itself showed courage Atticus did not do any of these acts to get noticed, but he did them because they were and are the right things to do. To him, it didnt matter the color of your skin, he Just wanted the situation to be fair. Real courage defined by Atticus is to know that you are going to lose, and to follow through with it the entire way. Atticus Finch, an honest lawyer in Harper Lees novel, To Kill a Mockingbird, teaches the children that courage can be portrayed as both physical bravery and strength, and that fghting for what you believe in is right regardless of whether you win or lose. In life, we witness incredible acts of courage everyday from police and firefighters to everyday men and women like you and me. You cant teach people courage, because it is something that is found down deep inside of us. It takes a lot of courage to show what you are made of. Atticus showed his true measure of courage all throughout this book. And it proved to make an impact on everyone around him.

White Tigers Essays (1542 words) - Tigers, Fauna Of Asia, Biota

White Tigers Tigers are a wonderful species in their own right. They are elegant and graceful, but at the same time are ready to fight for their right to survive. Today, in a world of destruction and growth, these tigers have tough day to day challenges they must face that are steadily growing worse as our society grows larger. What challenges do these magnifecent animals have to deal with in order to remain a species of elegance and grace and not just another history lesson? Is it possible for these tigers to meet these challenges, to adapt to the rapid changes in their surroundings? Can they overcome these challenges that have been thrown at them, these challenges that are decreasing their survival and slowly pushing their species to extincintion? White tigers are an endangered species and it is said that less than a dozen have been seen in India in about a hundred years. In fact no sightings have been reported since 1951. This may be caused that the Royal Bengal tiger population has dropped from 40,000 to 1, 800 in the past ten years, and as few as 1 in every 10,000 tigers is white (www.cranes.org/whitetigers.com). White tigers are neither albinos nor a special species; they differ from the normally colored tigers by having blue eyes, a pink nose, and creamy white fur with black stripes. Tiger's stripes are just like a human fingerprint, meaning that no two tigers have the same pattern of stripes. White tigers are not usually born from other white tigers. They get their color from double recessive allele. A Bengal tiger with two normal alleles or one normal or white allele is colored orange. Only a double dose of the mutant allele results in white tigers, and you can only imagine how often that happens (www.cranes.org/whitetigers.com). The white tiger has long been the focus of human fear and respect for years, because of its powerful muscular body, loud roar and frightening snarl, revealing large sharp teeth, tigers spend all of their time alone (Thapar, 115). Each Tiger has its own territory, which it marks by scratching the barks off trees, spraying urine, and leaving piles of feces (cavendish, 696). Males are particularly aggressive toward other males and in some cases fights result in death of the weaker tiger. Their territories may contain 3 or 4 females, but in most cases the area extends to over 40 SQ miles (dutemple, 15). Tigers are nocturnal animals and prefer to hunt their food under cover of dense vegetation. They hunt their prey by stalking silently through the trees in a low crouch until it is within 66 ft (mcclung, 107). The tiger then bounds forward, knocking it's victim over with a swipe of it's huge forepaw and pouncing on the victims back as it falls to the ground (cavendish, 696). Tigers never creep up on their prey in the same direction as the wind is blowing, doing this may result in loss of their dinner (morris, 87). Once it has made a kill it then drags the dead carcas under cover before beginning to feed (Morris, 87). As the tiger eats it will make loud growling and snaraling noises to warn off the predetors in the area ( Thapar, 52). If for some reason the tiger has to leave its dinner before it is done eating it will cover the carcas with twigs to ensure it's meal when it returns (Morris, 88). Tigers need to eat 40 pounds of meat a day and will commonly cover up to 12 miles each night in search of prey (McClung, 150). Tigers usually eat deer, young rhino's, baby elephants, domestic animals at near by farms, and occasionaly leapords (Morris, 88). Once in a while, you know when it is in the moods for a snack with a little flavor to it, it will eat a human being. Although this is much less common than you think, tigers are actually very shy and try to steer clear from humans (Morris, 88). Once a tiger has reached 3 to 4 years old, they are old enough to breed. Tigers usually breed every two to three years, and the female is the one that goes looking for her mate (McClung, 212). You see even in the animal kingdom females still have to do all the work to make anything happen. That is not relevent but I thought I would put it in here just for kicks. How the female search's is, she walks around leaving her scents on

Abortion misc15 essays

Abortion misc15 essays Abortion: Just Another Word For Murder On January 22, 1973, the U.S. Supreme Court, in two separate decisions, Roe v. Wade and Doe v. Bolton, declared that Congress and the states had to adopt a policy on abortion. Since then, abortion has been one of the most controversial issues in our country today. Every time the subject of abortion is raised, the same question always comes up: should people have the right to terminate an unborn child? The answer is no. No person should have the right to terminate an unborn child which has not yet had the chance to live, no matter what the reason is. Abortion is the termination of an alive, unborn child, which can experience pain through the process of an abortion. There is no need to have an abortion when these children could be put up for adoption instead of being aborted. Abortion is the termination of alive, unborn children. How can a person decide just when an unborn fetus becomes a person with constitutional rights. Many people disagree when a fetus becomes an actual person, but the truth is that a fetus becomes a person at the time of conception. An article entitled Pro-lofe and pro-choice? Yes says that, From the moment of conception, the fetus is endowed with all the genetic information that will enable its development into a full human person (Church 108). Technology has advanced very much in the past twenty years and now with the aid of medical technology and the science of fetology, doctors can prove that a fetus is an actual person as early as thirteen weeks of growth (Meyer 62-64). These facts only help to prove that a fetus is an actual person, who deserves the chance to be born. Contrary to belief, a fetus can actually feel pain. The observation of abortions on ultrasound have been very disturbing. So disturbing, that many abortion doctors who have seen the procedure, refuse to participate in abortions again (Meyer 62-64). An...

Keeping a Writers Notebook

Keeping a Writers Notebook Keeping a Writers’ Notebook Keeping a Writers’ Notebook By Ali Hale If you’ve ever had aspirations towards fiction-writing, you’ve doubtlessly heard the advice to keep a notebook on you at all times, to jot down those elusive flashes of brilliance that come at the most inopportune moments. It’s definitely a good idea to have pen and paper to hand as much as possible – however, the discipline of keeping a writers’ notebook means more than just scribbling a few words when inspiration strikes. Writing every day One of the best uses for your notebook is to get into the habit of writing every single day. There are lots of different ways to approach this; some which have worked for me (not all at once) are: Write first thing in the morning Spend five minutes writing at some point in the morning, and five minutes in the afternoon Write just before going to bed Jot down some notes before starting on your â€Å"proper† writing session of the day Of course there’ll be days when you feel uninspired, when you have nothing you want to write about, or when you’re hectically busy. But if you’re going to stick with writing fiction long-term, it needs to become part of your daily life. What do you write about? Don’t be prescriptive about what goes in your notebook. Some people find it best to work in a deliberately â€Å"scrappy† book, so that they don’t feel constrained to only write down gems of wisdom – yes, moleskin notebooks may be hugely popular, but a 99 cent pad will be just as good a repository for your ideas. Some of the many types of writing filling my notebook are: To-do lists for writing sessions or writing days There’s a great sense of satisfaction in ticking things off or scoring them out. If a to-do list makes you feel uncomfortable and constrained, try instead keeping a â€Å"done† list and writing down tasks after you complete them. Brainstorming for competition entries I wrote two or three short stories every month last year, most of them aimed at competitions with a set theme. A notebook is a great place to begin the idea-generation process; I like mind-mapping, by jotting the theme in a central circle and scribbling different plot and character possibilities around the edge. Once you get beyond the first few trite storylines, some intriguing ideas start to emerge. Character sketches When taking part in NaNoWriMo last year, I wrote three or four page character biographies for each of my main characters. Keeping these in my notebook made it easy to find them whilst working on the novel – I wasted as little time as possible when needing to look up details of family backgrounds, hobbies and so on. Plot outlines Most writers find that some level of outlining helps, particularly when writing anything longer than a short story. A notebook can be an easy way to develop a plot from initial spark through potential variations to a scene-by-scene breakdown. Snatches of dialogue Imagined or overheard phrases can be safely stashed in your notebook for future use: they may be totally inappropriate for the project which you’re currently working on, but could be invaluable a week or two down the line. Reviewing your notes It’s just as important to go back over your notes as it is to write them in the first place. Set aside a chunk of time – half-an-hour if possible – weekly, and go over what you’ve written during the past seven days. Make a new entry to record any ideas that you definitely want to pursue. (You might find it helps to use a second notebook at this stage.) Don’t recycle or burn old notebooks; even if you’re sure that you’ll never want the notes contained in them, store them safely somewhere. They’ll make fascinating reading a year, or ten years, further into your writing career – you’ll be able to see how far you’ve come, and you may rediscover old ideas that you’d forgotten. And if you become famous, perhaps you’ll even end up selling them on e-bay†¦ Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Fiction Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:20 Great Similes from Literature to Inspire YouLoan, Lend, Loaned, LentParticular vs. Specific

The Classical Music Era Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Classical Music Era - Essay Example Individual notes on a staff have various pitches and the choice of the pitch should be done with much care because very high pitches in a musical performance may distract the ear hence the musical piece may have a negative perception from people. This paper focuses on the various musical features that are used in writing music and how these features affected music in the classical era. Music is composed of various musical features that form the technical part of music because they are normally written in musical language that can only be interpreted by people with musical knowledge. A piece of music involves various notes with varying pitches arranged harmonically on a staff but with all these variations and additions, music can’t make sense to everybody unless words are inserted to match the notes. However, some notes contain pitches well organized to make a very good melody pleasing to the human ear. Musical pitches are produced by a varied genre of instruments including mem branophones whose stretched membranes vibrate when they are beaten to produce sound e.g. drum sets and aerophones which when the air is blown into them, they vibrate to produce sound e.g. flutes. Chordophones, on the other hand, produce sound when a string on the instrument is plucked and such instruments normally have a resonator that amplifies the sound produced. The use of instruments in music brings makes it lively and more enjoyable even when the words are not being understood by the listener (Antonella & Cova 41). Good music involves a melody that is well arranged to produce the best form and notes harmonized to create correct chords that do not clash. When analyzing a particular piece of music, one can be able to tell the meaning of the song from the pitch and also the speed intervals at which the notes are organized.

CSR of Costa Coffee Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

CSR of Costa Coffee - Essay Example Costa coffee is an international coffeehouse corporation, which is based in Dunstable, UK. It is an entirely owned contributory of Whitebread and is the biggest coffeehouse chain in the UK and second-biggest in the world (Harford, 2012, P. 54). The company operates in 1175 channels, and as of January 2011, it was the biggest British channel in terms of stores. Globally, costa coffee operates in 442 outlets all over the world, in 28 nations. The company has introduced a brand known as costa express, which is formed by a coffee channel of self-service bars. After Whitbread acquired Coffee Nation, which is a procession of coffee machines, the nine hundred Coffee Nation machines will be substituted and re-named as costa Express. Costa coffee has acquired its roaster and hires the only three Italian superior Roasters in the United Kingdom. The mixture served in vend stores is called Mocha Italia and comprises of six sections Arabica beans and one section robusta beans (British Retail Cons ortium, 2006, P.1). The Costa Coffee product already has a first class ranking in all its market ventures. It is nearly the main profit giver of the corporation in the extensive markets of the United Kingdom. ... In addition, the strategies the company is using are questionable concerning if they provide more effectual results than other companies in terms of obtaining company name reputation (Enz, 2009, P.34). Corporate responsibility is an extremely crucial element for all businesses as it determines the reputation of a business and thus, profitability and development. It is indispensable for companies in food production to be socially responsible. This is because they are in a highly sensitive sector, which requires careful handling of both the products and customers. It is particularly valuable for companies in food production sectors, to ensure that they produce sufficient information concerning how they are socially responsible (Lury, 2011, P.17). The studies, undertaken by corporate social responsibility researchers have criticized the sustainability qualifications of Costa Coffee in areas such as recycling and waste. The study has shown that Costa Coffee gave most of its information, but did not offer a UK breakdown of its corporate social responsibility international report. The report discovered that Costa Coffee, which is possessed by Whitbread, operated better in its ventures but did not succeed in replying to requests for corporate social responsibility information. Costa Coffee also did not reveal information for its carbon tracks, but rather its environmental information is stated as section of the parent company (Lury, 204, P.37). Disclosing corporate social responsibility report is not only valuable for the purposes of fulfilling legal requirements, but also to increase customer confidence and reputation of the company. Costa Coffee customers and other potential customers are

The Secret Life of Bees Essay Example for Free

The Secret Life of Bees Essay The Secret Life of Bees Monk Kidd  «The Secret Life of Bees » is a historical novel by American author Sue Monk Kidd. It is a story of coming-of-age, of the ability of love to transform our lifes. Adressing the wounds of loss, betrayal and the scarcity of love, Kidd demonstratesthe power of women, coming together to heal those wounds, to mother each other and themselves, to create a new holy place – true family and home. The novel received much critical acclaim and was a New York Times bestseller. In 2005 it was adopted into a film by Ginn Prince-Bythewood. The Secret Life of Bees » is the story of Lily, a fourteen-year-old girl who runs away from her unloving father to search for secrets of her dead mother`s past. The setting of the novel is South Carolina in 1964, a time when racial tensions were inflamed by civil rights movement and white racists`frequently violent responses to it. Against this backdrop, Lily and her house-keeper, Rosalin, find shelter in the home of the eccentric Boatwright sisters, three African American beekeepers who worship before the statue of a Black Madonna they call  «Our Lady in Chains ». There Lily finds love and acceptance and begins to come n terms with the quilt she feels over her mother`s death. Lily has a special relationship with bees. At night, they squeeze through the cracks of her bedroom wall by the hundreds and fly circles around her room until the air itself pulsating with wings. They seem to indicate to Lily where is her right path. Every chapter opens with a short description of he life of bees which is always has a connection with the plot. In the climax of the story the sisters Boatright, the beekeepers, empart to Lily the sectets of the Black Madonna, mother to thousands. T. Ray Owens is the hateful, peach-farming antagonist of the novel, is feeling particularly meen towards Lily. He is a monstrous and abusive father. There is not apparent love in his heart for Lily whatsoever, and living with him only deepens the ubiquitous pain of her motherless existence. Deborah Owens`death is a source of great anguish and mystery for the confused adolescent, a memory from when she was four that she still can`t quite get her head around. Lily`s only true friend is Rosalin, a large black peach-worker who T. Ray brought to the house to care for Lily when her mother died.  «The Secret Life of Bees » is growing-up tale wrapped into a search for one`s mother, plunked down into the racially – charged South Carolina during the Civil rights movement, set alight with feminine spirituality. It is an inspirational feminist tale with strong female characters. And while it has already proven its` mettle as a best-selling novel with universal appeal, it will particularly enchant the female reader.

Science vs. Religion Essay -- Religious Science Creationism Essays

Science vs. Religion Since the dawn of man, humans have striven to explain the many mysteries of the universe, and to justify our existence in it. Throughout this journey of self-understanding, numerous standpoints on human existence have evolved and merged into a complex, abstract manifestation called religion. However, as the human race has grown and advanced itself, many ideas expressed by religion seem less and less plausible. Advances in science and technology have yielded a new breed of human thought that has disturbed and shaken the foundations of religious ideology. Our new, scientifically grounded understanding of the universe has unfolded a plethora of answers to age-old questions, which are antithetical to the explanations offered by religion. As strong scientific evidence has surfaced which is contrary to the prevailing religious view, open-minded believers have adapted their beliefs accordingly, but many fundamentalists refuse to accept scientific evidence. This is the root of the dilem ma between science and religion. Many philosophers and theists have offered their views concerning the ongoing battle between science and religion. Reconciliation between science and religion is impossible, because the claims made by religion and the evidence provided by science are so extraordinarily different. The advance of science has caused many theists to compromise traditional religious beliefs in order to facilitate scientific evidence, thus proving that scientific explanations of the universe are more plausible than the rationales offered by religion. An excellent example of this can be seen in the question of the age of the planet Earth. According to religious theology, the Earth is less than ten thousand years old. However, there is an overwhelming amount of scientific evidence that proves the Earth to be many billions of years old. Many religious thinkers have responded to this evidence, by claiming that the methods used to ascertain the Earth's age are inaccurate. They argue that radioactive dating; a widely accepted method of determining the age of rocks, is inaccurate because there is no available rock sample of a known age, which the method can be calibrated to. However, this argument is obsolete, because the only calibration required to find the age of a rock is the measurement of decay rates, which can be found in the laboratory in... ...ith. Many theists point out that certain aspects of nature are also invisible, such as gravitational fields and magnetic fields (Foster 60). However, a parallel cannot be drawn between the invisibility of these natural phenomenons and the invisibility of god, because these aspects of nature can be measured. God, on the other hand, cannot be proven to exist through empirical evidence. If scientific evidence exists that refutes the teachings of the bible, then why do people believe in religion? Religion gives humanity a sense of security, a sense of individual purpose, and most importantly, brings people together. Arguably the most important aspects of any valid religion is its belief in a code of conduct, a set of moral teachings that define how people should behave towards others. Religion is one of the major ways one generation passes on its values and morals to each succeeding generation. Religion has also been viewed as a way to control the masses. According to Karl Marx, "Religion is the opium of the people" (Microsoft Bookshelf CD-ROM 1998). Despite the scientific arguments that challenge the teachings of religion, religion will always remain an institution in our society.

Commanding Heights

The commanding heights documentary episode one was actually quite pleasing. I do enjoy documentaries, and this was one I really had no prior knowledge of. I believe it will help me see a different side of economics. What stood out to me the most in the film was how post world war one, they believed more government control meant better economic outcome. This makes sense of why we had a rise in dictators, and the reason world war two even started. Post war, inflation in Germany and Austria made money worthless.It was said that money was worth less than actual wallpaper. We learned a little about inflation in class and how as the years go on, our money becomes less valuable. We raise our minimum wage due to inflation. With inflation, our life becomes more and more expensive seeing our money goes less as far. The real and nominal value of money are not the same. This is why our minimum wage changes every few years. This film basically shows two sides of economics through two figures. Key nes and Hayek, Keynes thought with more government control the economy would flourish. On the contrary, Hayek believes with the government controlling everything we would lose freedom and our economy would actually collapse. This really shows the two sides of free market and capitalism. It shows you how each one has its pros and cons. Hayek argued that socialist states cannot be successful because they lack a functioning price system to send the signals to consumers and producers, which would result in chaos. Even though this was extreme this is what he believed and free market with no control. I can see where he is coming from. Yes, the government doesn’t need to intervene in fair business, but we do need some control. Without some control I believe our country would be completely ran by the big businesses. Our country is already run by the rich without control I believe it would completely wipe out the middle class and either you were rich or you had nothing. Some say this is happening now but I believe with government control on business it is going to be hard to happen. On the contrary with Keynes idea of government control, we would be a number, a simple part to the system. There would be no classes, we wouldn’t have to worry about not having food or what we were to do in life, but we would have no freedom. Each has their advantages but each is extreme. This is why our system falls somewhere in the middle. I believe this documentary taught me more of the balance of power. How much government control can we maintain before it runs the economy to ruins, or how much freedom should be given to the market to function without abnormalities. No one really knows where the perfect balance is or if there even is a perfect balance. Too much control causes stagflation and with too little control our world would be turned into a Robin Hood type nation, rich and poor no in-between. This film really makes me think that even if there is a perfect balance it will never be found. The world cannot be run smoothly and perfectly forever without some sort of bumps, bumps are what keeps our country running and makes us a thriving and learning nation. One day possibly economist will find that perfect balance though, one thing’s for sure future economist will learn from their predecessors’ mistakes and move forward.

Socrates’ death

To begin with, we need to introduce Socrates. Socrates was and still regarded as one of the most influential philosophers. Socrates throughout his life showed a deep understanding of the human life, as well as an understanding of the world. He is considered one of the most important ethical philosophers of all time. Nothing much is known about his personal life, but his works were well preserved which revealed a lot about him as a great man. Socrates was sentenced to death and was put into prison because he disobeyed the roman god, and claimed to be led by a mysterious power. He was accused with offences against public morality. After his sentence was released a lot of his friends and jury expected him to refuse the sentence, but for their surprise, he did not say anything and he accepted the sentence readily. Many of his friends urged him to escape the prison, but he refused saying that the state should be obeyed. He stayed in prison for 30 days because at the time of his sentence romans had a sacred time in which they did not kill anybody. During that time, many of his friends came to him and urged him to leave the prison, but he refused. One of the most important visits by his friends was Crito’s visit. Crito visited him the last day before his sentence, and they argued about whether Socrates should escape or not. In his argument, Crito used a teleological approach. He presented Socrates with the consequences of him staying in jail. On the other hand, Socrates replied to him using deontological approach, defending his point of view using valid reasons. First Crito presented Socrates with the argument that people will say that Socrates did not choose to stay in prison; it must be his friends that did not talk to him. By this, he is saying if you don’t escape people will talk badly about your friends. By this argument, Crito shows a large interest in public opinion, and a large care about his reputation. This represents a teleological approach, because he is stating facts and consequences of Socrates staying in prison. When Socrates heard this, he immediately refuted this argument. He told Crito that he should not care about the majority’s opinion. Socrates gave the example of a trainer and a student. He says that when the student does something, everybody around him will talk about the thing, but he doesn’t listen to anybody but the trainer. Then he tells Crito that he should do the same thing because â€Å"the general public† is not qualified to judge anybody. It is the responsibility of a qualified person to give judgment for actions taken by others. This argument represents a deontological approach, because he is talking about a purpose. He is not listing facts and consequences; he is just saying that all matters of justice and injustice should be handled that way because it is the right way. According to Socrates justice and truth work together. He gave an argument saying that the state is the one that bough him to life, and is the one who could end his life. He made a comparison between the state and parents. He said that the state in a sense is like a parent, who always wants the best for his son. This is a deontological approach because he did not say anything about a consequence he just listed his belief and his point of view on the subject. To add, Socrates mentioned another point, which is that by disobeying the state you are breaking a commitment and by breaking the commitment you are doing wrong. This also is a deontological approach of the issue because he is stating a point of view without mentioning any facts or evidence about it. He is just pointing out a personal point of view. He is basing his argument on his perception of right and wrong, without any reference to factual evidence. He said that by disobeying the state and going out of prison without an official charge he would be unfair and unjust to the people of Athens. He says that by escaping, he breaks the law and the law is found for everybody and is fair with everybody, so if he breaks it this justice will break down. This is another deontological approach because he is supporting his point of view using his own perceptions of right and wrong. He does not backup his argument with consequences or related factual evidence. In addition to the deontological approach, Socrates used the teleological approach in addressing some of the issues with him escaping prison. In his argument with Crito about leaving the prison because of his kids, Crito said that if he stays in the prison his children will be orphaned and will have nobody to take care of them and educate them. He used the teleological approach here because he mentioned a consequence of him staying in the prison. Socrates replied to that by saying that by escaping, he would break the law. By breaking the law Socrates would be labeled as an outlaw. Being an outlaw would not allow him to raise his children, because he will be running away from the government the whole time. Not having time for his children will let strangers raise them. While if he stays in prison and dies the state will take care of his children. This shows a teleological approach because Socrates is mentioning a consequence of him running out of prison. He says that if he escapes, he would not be able to live life the same way he was used to living it. In my opinion, Socrates’ argument is better and more concrete because he didn’t just apply the argument to this particular situation. He expanded the analogy to involve every situation that involves a case like his. His analogies could be expanded to any situation involving justice and injustice. In addition, Socrates’ arguments represent real moral values. While in Crito’s arguments, we could see that he is only concerned about himself and his reputation. In addition, they could be only applied to this situation not any other situation. His arguments do not have any real ethical or moral values because he is concerned only about himself. To sum up Socrates’ arguments care about the well-being of every human being, while Crito’s only care about the well-being of himself

The eNotes Blog 5 Creative Ways to Teach Story Elements to MiddleSchoolers

5 Creative Ways to Teach Story Elements to MiddleSchoolers Every time I tell my middle schoolers that we are going to analyze the elements of a story, I get a big groan from about half the room. Somehow, it’s gotten into their heads that writing stories is fun, while breaking down other people’s stories is the most boring thing in the world. To combat this pre-teen ennui, I’ve changed my approach to teaching story elements. I start with a creative writing piece and get them to experiment with different story elements. Then, we move into looking at someone else’s work. In this way, I trick them into learning all the parts of a story and even having a little fun. Here are some creative ways Ive managed to teach story elements to my students successfully- and without the groan. 1. The Story Arc and a Music Video All my students love music and yet say they don’t understand poetry. Little do they know, it’s pretty much the same thing without drums. I put students into groups of 4-6 depending on class size. Each group picks one popular song that the group likes. Their task is to create a music video for that song. The video must be as long as the song, and it must tell the story of the song, which is completely up to the group. They can take it directly from the story of the lyrics; they can invent characters, situations, and a setting that reflects the idea behind the lyrics; they can create a story that the song perfectly soundtracks but has nothing to do with the lyrics. Even though they have total control over the story, they must tell a well-structured story. Their video must meet these objectives: Introduce a character or characters (Exposition) Set up a conflict (Conflict) Show the character(s) trying to solve the conflict (Rising Action) Bring the conflict to a climax (Climax) Show how the character(s) reacted to the climax (Falling Action) After they create their videos and we watch them, I have them reflect on how the steps they took to create their video match the parts of a story. In this way, theyve learned the parts of a story because they had to create them. And, it gives me something to reference when we begin talking about a novel. 2. Point of View and the Villain The point of view is incredibly important to how a story unfolds and the moral that story communicates. Students often underestimate the power of perspective! So, in this activity, we use point of view to retell popular stories. For instance, I use the Three Little Pigs fairy tale as an example: First, we read the story of the three little pigs and determine the main message. Then, we read The True Story of the 3 Little Pigs! by Jon Scieszka and have a discussion about how the narrator changed the plot and the moral of the story. (There are some great readings of this story on YouTube!) Finally, students choose their favorite picture book, movie, or fairy tale from their early childhood. Their job is to assume the perspective of the villain and rewrite the story. This can take the form of a picture book, a letter, or a speech- depending on what you’d like to do with your class. This activity helps show students the importance of narrative point of view! 3. Settings Around the Universe The setting of a story helps shape how the narrative can unfold. This is pretty obvious when you are looking at a sci fi book or a fairy tale. But the importance of setting can be overlooked when it’s not central to the story. For this activity, I create 8 different â€Å"setting stations† around the classroom. These stations generally consist of a picture of the setting and a description plaque that describes the setting’s characteristics. Some settings that I have used in the past include Mars in the year 3056, Warsaw in 1944, an undersea villains lair, a New York City classroom in 1976, and a Pontiac stuck in traffic on the 405 freeway in Los Angeles. I then prepare 8-15 simple story prompts that consist of a character and a conflict. These conflicts and characters are very basic. For the activity, all students get a story prompt. I ask them to read the prompt and brainstorm how they think the story would end. Then, they are instructed to go to at least four stations. At each station, they write how the setting might affect the way their stories play out. 4. Tone and a Poem I have found that tone is one of the hardest concepts to explain to students. I like to tell my students that tone is attitude. It is the feeling you get when you read, watch, or hear something. To help illustrate this, I choose one or two of the following abstract poems, which don’t have a story so much as they communicate a feeling. â€Å"A Hagging Match† by Seamus Heaney â€Å"In the Station at the Metro† by Ezra Pound â€Å"The Red Wheelbarrow† by William Carlos Williams â€Å"Those Winter Sundays† by Robert Hayden â€Å"When Somebody Telephones† by Elizabeth Bishop We read the poem together, and then the students write for one minute about all the things they felt while hearing the poem and all of the images that popped into their heads while listening. Then, they write a brief 1-2 page story that mimics the tone of the poem. For example, if the poem made them sad, they will write a melancholic story. If the poem made them laugh, they will write an upbeat comedy. Finally, when students share their stories, I pair them with another student who highlights all of the words in the story that communicate its feeling. The partner gets to guess which tone the storywriter was going for. 5. Character Traits and Thing Theory Characters can be determined by their dialogue, physical description, word choice, and behavior. One way to look at all the ways authors create characters is looking at the things associated with the character. **For this one, you will either need props or a slide deck with pictures of the items.** I project 5 images of objects and ask students to describe the person who owns each object. The list of items can be random or follow a theme, such as things found in a wallet/purse, things found in a closet, things found in a refrigerator. For each set of items, students must create a name for the person, determine where they live, give five adjectives that describe them, and describe how they talk (informal, formal, slang, accented, etc). Some of my item lists include: Living Room: A rotary telephone, a record player, a smart phone, a yellow raincoat, an old fortune cookie on the carpet Desk: A stack of loose papers, an old macbook, a pair of wire-rimmed glasses, a copy of The Odyssey, a sweater with a hole in the collar Refrigerator: Expired milk, takeout boxes, an uncovered half of avocado, half and half, Sriracha sauce I have found all of these activities very useful in my classroom! My students love tapping into their creativity while they learn. And, I find it helps them remember the concepts better as well. I hope you try these too!

50 Motivational Thoughts That Will Push You to Succeed

50 Motivational Thoughts That Will Push You to Succeed Need a kick in the pants? A fire under your proverbial bottom? Feeling in need of a little inspiration? Here are 50 motivational thoughts you can turn to when you need a little energizing positivity! Keep these in your back pocket and turn to them when a ray of sunshine is nowhere to be found.1. You can do anything.It’s a rather simple mindset, but if you convince yourself that you can do anything, you’ll start to believe it.2. †¦And here’s why.After you start to believe that you can, justify those reasons. Example: â€Å"I can become a cook because I love food and I cooking is my passion†.3. You deserve more.Whether it’s a better job, relationship, or healthier body, you deserve a better life. You’ll probably have to work for it, but 9 times out of 10 it’s true.4. It’s never too late.It’s always possible to get a fresh start. No matter how old you are, you can start something new and succeed. Want to start a blog? G o for it. Want to learn how to code? Go for it. Developed a recent passion for photography? Buy a decent camera and let your hobby consume you.5. Challenges are a constant.Nobody said it was easy. Don’t let one setback get the better of you. Keep your head up and don’t lose sight of what you want.6. The time may never be â€Å"right.†Don’t wait too long for the perfect moment and let the other moments pass you by. Sometimes the perfect will never arrive and you just have to make due with what you’re given.7. The plan may never be perfect either.Sometimes you just have to say â€Å"go† and figure out the kinks as you go.8. You have to start somewhere.It might as well be today–right here, right now.9. Baby steps. One at a time.Break it down into smaller steps. Don’t get overwhelmed with doing everything at once.10. You have nowhere to go but up.Thinking about only soaring higher helps in the darkest moments! Since you’re s tarting out from the bottom, there’s no where to go but up!11. Failure isn’t forever.Look at your failure as one step towards success- just in the other direction. At least you know which way to turn!12. You can learn from your mistakes.Each mistake you make is an opportunity to learn, grow and become better.13. Take it one day at a time.Many forms of mediation preach placing your mind, body, and spirit in the present moment. Today is the only thing you can control- not the future, not the past.14. If it were easy, it wouldn’t be worth doing.And everyone would have done it already.15. Seize the day.â€Å"Someday† may never arrive. Why not today?16. Negative thoughts are only thoughts.Don’t let them hold you back.17. I’ve beat worse odds before.And did you make it to the other side? Of course. So what’s the big difference this time around? Exactly, nothing. You can do it again!18. You gotta earn it.If you didn’t, would you reall y feel good about your success?19. If you have to regret something, regret action.It’s better  than inaction. At least you’ll have tried.20. Don’t ask permission.Just go for it. If people think you’re nuts, that’s their problem.21. You control your life.Your destiny is yours to determine, no one else’s.22. No one is grading you.Life isn’t a letter grade. It isn’t even pass or fail.23. Boring is boring.Playing it safe can sometimes set you back. Take a risk.24. Risk can be rewarding.Knowing the risks is one thing, but you should also think about the benefits. Taking risks can be very rewarding.25. Discipline feels good.A whole lot better than regret!26. The best ideas usually seem impossible at first.Steve Jobs anyone? Why should yours be different? Dream big!27. People have your back.Friends, family, colleagues. This is why we have networks.28. Experience is invaluable.Even if you fall short of your goals, you’ll walk away with more experience.29. Work is its own reward.Again, attempts are at very least proactive.30. Make every day matter.Every day is one step closer towards achieving your goal.31. Your perspective is the only one you have.Prioritize it. Forget about what other people think. They don’t have the same vision as you because they’re wearing a completely different pair of shoes.32. Every problem has a solution.You just need to figure it out.33. Ordinary equals ordinaryOrdinary actions will lead you down a path to mediocrity. Don’t let that be your future.34. Everything could be better.You always have the opportunity to improve yourself, your situation, your project†¦35. What you don’t know, you can learn.Education is out there.  The age of the internet is upon us. You can spend 6 hours on Youtube learning HTML and come out knowing more than you did.36. Practice makes perfect.If you need to master something, just get to work on it.37. Willpower is up to you.And in your head. You just have to want it.38. You know what you want.Start visualizing it actually happening. Then make it happen.39. Feelings come from thoughts.Even the scary ones can be neutralized by  taking control of your thoughts and rethinking your thought process.40. Don’t do  nothing.Trying and failing is much better than not trying.41. You are who you decide to be.If you don’t like it, decide different!42. You can’t win unless you try.Results are a product of effort. If you try, you have a chance to win. It’s not guaranteed, but if you don’t put in effort, your chances of winning are 0%.43. Your life is determined by your choices.Make good ones.44. You’re better today than yesterday.You’re older, wiser, more experienced, and more mature!45. Greatness doesn’t happen overnight.Have patience.46. Just start; the rest will get easier.That first step is always the hardest. Once you get ball rolling, you’ ll find motivation and start seeing results.47. You will be rewarded.Even if only by yourself, for reaching your smallest goals. Treats are on their way! Progress is being made!48. You’re not just in it for you.Don’t forget your external motivation- your friends, family, broader altruistic goals†¦ that can be powerful.49. You’ll always have more chances.If you screw up or fail, trying again is almost always an option.50. If all else fails, you’ll have a story.You’ll walk away with  experience and interesting party jokes and anecdotes!Hopefully these thoughts have helped motivate you on your path to success. The power of positive thinking is a powerful tool. The rest is up to you!

Victimization and racial boundaries (English Literature) Essay

Victimization and racial boundaries (English Literature) - Essay Example h other races and darker skin tones, this concept of ivory white skin remained the hallmark of beauty even before the ugly side of race relations reared its head in America. However, with the long span of history between the whites and the blacks, this connotation grew ever stronger, creeping even into the culture of blacks as they struggled against the restrictions their own skin color brought upon them. Lightness of skin tone became more than just a badge of beauty, but also represented a certain power and freedom that had long been denied black people. For black women, lighter skin meant better husbands, more comfortable lives and perhaps even a greater opportunity to experience what it was like to be white. For black men, having the power to seduce a white woman meant he had a power all his own, a means of defeating his oppressors and bringing the white devils down a peg or two. This concept of whiteness as a standard of beauty, power and control is found throughout Chester Himes ’ novel â€Å"If He Hollers, Let Him Go† and Toni Morrison’s novel â€Å"The Bluest Eye† as they each relate how issues of skin color have served to victimize the entire community. The concept that white is right is laced throughout Himes’ novel as Robert (Bob) Jones struggles to maintain balance and still get the job done in a work environment that unofficially discriminates against the black workers in numerous ways. The story opens with an introduction to Bob as a black man living with a black family in a barely adequate home and terrified of the race issues that he sees erupting around him in World War II Los Angeles. As the story unfolds, it is revealed that Bob is one of many Southern blacks who have moved to L.A. in the hope of finding his fortune in the wartime boom of production needs coupled with the shortage of white men available to work the necessary jobs. On the job, he has had some success, being the only black man to have been appointed to the position of

Paper reflection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Paper reflection - Essay Example The head of our tour group was called Paul Franklin. Paul Franklin was a good leader, and he was very eager and keen to satisfy our various needs. For instance, if one of us was interested in asking or seeking a clarification of a particular question, Paul Franklin will ensure that the nurse in charge of our tour answers the particular question. For instance, most of us had questions concerning the technologies and equipments found at the BMET workshop. One of the most pressing questions that we managed to ask is how the hospital is using new biomedical technologies for purposes of surgery. The official in charge of the hospital of BMET workshop was reluctant to tell us, this is because he did not have a ready answer at them. But Paul Franklin pressed him up, until the official gave an answer, even though it was not convincing enough. Each and every one of us was satisfied by the leadership and services of Paul Franklin. The members of this department had uniforms, and this was for purposes of distinguishing them from members of other departments. The color of their uniforms was a blue polo shirt, with bage pants. In my own opinion, the color and the design of their uniform were attractive. The blue color matched with the purposes of the workshop. This is because they were not dealing with patients, but machines that help in the provision of medical services. As such, the white color which is normally associated with doctors and nurses was not appropriate. The BMET workshop is at the basement of the hospital, and it occupies a large space area, that makes it possible to safely store the machines that are used for providing medical and research services. The employers of the department and junior members of this department had a very cordial working relationship. Their relationship is based on trust, understanding, and collaboration. This makes the employees to be motivated, and hence efficient in the manner in which they conduct their

Terrorism Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Terrorism - Assignment Example Due to the consequences attached with terrorism, one can understand that mankind has suffered on nearly all counts. If suffering is the barometer of finding out how terrorism will be defined and described, then one can suggest different implications all the same. It is not surprising that ever since recorded history, terrorism has been hard to define. It is both a strategic tool and a tactical entity, whereby the some believe it as a holy duty while others as a crime in its most rigorous form. Some believe it is the best deterrent to oppression and thus stands as a justifiable excuse in the wake of changing times. Then there are others who believe in creating destruction within the society to meet some of their ulterior motives whilst indulging in terrorism and its related activities. This indeed is a state of mind which comes directly linked with terrorism. It remains a reality that terrorism is a crime which influences an audience apart from the victim that is apparent. The basic strategy of terrorism is to commit to those acts which come under the domains of violence and thus grab the attention and feedback of the population which is affected by the same. Often times, it has been seen that the local population is indeed the government of the land or even the entire world. The terrorists carry out the terrorism related activities to let the people know that a lot of ambiguity exists within the relevant ranks, and thus anarchy has started to come up as a major force. The manner in which the terrorism event takes place decides whether or not it has been instrumental at changing beliefs or aligning ideologies. These are some of the basic reasons why terrorism is seen as something that is hard to define and describe because it affects quite a few tangents in the long term scheme of things. The three different perspectives in the wake of t he phenomenon of terrorism offer something of insight to gain from. This encompasses the stance of the

Lactose Intolerance: Causes, Types and Management

Lactose Intolerance: Causes, Types and Management Western scientists established by the 1940s that milk was good for you. As a glass of cows milk was set for everyone at the table doctors were receiving discouraging reports that some of the patients were not able to digest the milk. (Dunn, R. 2011) Lactose is a sugar found in milk and milk products. Lactose intolerance (LI) is the inability or inadequate ability to digest lactose. (Kennedy, K., 2010) Cells of the inner lumen of the small intestines, enterocytes, are covered with a membrane that has a brush border made up of microvilli. The microvilli produce lactase, the enzyme that splits and hydrolyze dietary lactose into glucose and galactose for transport across the cell membrane. Lactase is produced in the upper, most shallow section of the villi, which is easy to damage by secondary insult. Lactase breaks down lactose into two simpler forms of sugar called glucose and galactose, which are then absorbed into the bloodstream. (Thorn, A., 2010). If the lactase enzymes are lacking, unabsorbed sugars osmotically attract fluid into the bowel lumen. The amount of fluid influx into the bowel is about triple the normal amount, based on the osmolality of sugar alone. In addition, the unabsorbed lactose entering the colon is fermented by bacteria, producing gas and resulting in the cleavage of lactose into monosaccharides. Monosaccharides cannot be absorbed by the colonic mucosa; as a result, osmotic pressure increases, and fluid levels rise in the bowel. (Thorn, A., 2010). The result of the rising fluid levels would be in about 30 minutes to 2 hours you might experience flatulence, stomach cramps, nausea, bloating of the abdomen, and/or diarrhea. Symptoms may vary from person to person, and people can tolerate differing amounts of foods containing lactose. That is mainly why LI is a very misunderstood condition as there are no really positive criteria for diagnosis. (American Psychological Assoc. Lactose intolerance., 2005). 30 million US adults may be affected by lactose intolerance to some degree by age 20, older patients are predominantly susceptible. It is estimated that about 70% of the world population is affected by LIwith excessive variation among ethnicities and races. Some degree of LI is reported in up to 80% of African-Americans and Latinos, and almost 100% of Native Americans and Asian Americans. LI is least common in people of northern European descent (and is unlikely to develop before adulthood). Most mammalian babies, counting human infants, produce enough lactase to digest milk, including breast milk. This ability continues until the child is weaned. In humans, lactase activity descents at age 2 to 3 years and may cease completely by age 5 to 10. Worldwide, most humans lose 90% to 95% of birth lactase levels by early childhood, with a continuing decline during the course of a lifetime. This may help explain why many elderly people are affected by LI. (Thorn, A., 2010) Two of the main types of lactose malabsoption are primary and secondary. Primary lactase deficiency is the most common form. It is the normal, ongoing reduction in lactase enzyme that an ageing individual experiences, and the rate of decline is genetically determined. (Thorn, A. 2010). Researchers have identified a possible genetic link to primary lactase deficiency. Some people inherit a gene from their parents that makes it likely they will develop primary lactase deficiency. This discovery may be useful in developing future genetic tests to identify people at risk for lactose intolerance. (Matus, J., 2003). Secondary lactose malabsorption is normally temporary and occurs following a weakening of the mucous membrane of the small intestine (American Psychological Assoc. Lactose intolerance. 2005). The weakening can be caused by severe diarrhea, infection (eg, rotavirus), chemotherapy, or acute gastroenteritis. In these situations, lactase is the first enzyme to be harmfully affected and the last to return as the insult resolves. Secondary hypolactasia is transient and reversible. (Thorn, A., 2010). It can last from approximately one week to four weeks after recovery from a severe bout of gastrointestinal infection. (American Psychological Assoc. Lactose intolerance., 2005). Young babies (infants) and children suffering from such an infection or from malnutrition are particularly vulnerable to this secondary deficiency of lactose enzyme. Other causes could be coeliac disease, by an allergy to cows milk, by certain drugs (such as antibiotics) and by gastrointestinal surgery. (Matus, J., 2003). Infants born prematurely are more likely to have lactase deficiency because an infants lactase levels do not increase until the third trimester of pregnancy. (Matus, J. 2003, December). 50% of children will outgrow an allergy to milk protein by one year of age, 75% by two years and 90% by three years. Less than 1% of children suffer from a lifelong milk allergy. (Kennedy, K., 2010) LI is not considered life threatening, but its symptoms can severely affect a persons quality of life and productivity. In addition to ethnicity and age, the type and amount of lactose ingested and the amount that the patient is unable to digest all affect the severity of LI symptoms. (From the pharmacy, 2008) Not all people with lactase deficiency have digestive symptoms, but those who do may have LI. Most people with LI can tolerate some amount of lactose in their diet. LI can be difficult to diagnose by symptoms alone; physicians may need to run tests for proper diagnosis. There are two tests that doctors will usually use to measure the digestion of lactose. One is the Hydrogen Breath Test where the person drinks a lactose-loaded beverage and then the breath is examined at regular interludes to measure the amount of hydrogen. Undigested lactose produces high levels of hydrogen, normally; very little hydrogen is detectable in the breath. The second is a Stool Acidity Test. The stool acidity test is used for infants and young children to measure the amount of acid in the stool. Undigested lactose creates lactic acid and other fatty acids that can be discovered in a stool sample. Glucose may also be present in the stool as a result of undigested lactose. (NIH, 2009) Lactose is also used in some prescription medicines, including birth control pills, and over-the-counter medicines like products to treat stomach acid and gas. Usually only the people with severe LI will have symptoms caused by these medications. (From the pharmacy, 2008). People who suffer from LI should be concerned with getting enough calcium and vitamin D in their diet. Calcium is needed for strong bones, to prevent osteoporosis. There are many alternative foods and lactose free milk products available today to get the proper nutrients and calcium the body needs. Because lactose intolerance is unusual in infants and children younger than 2, a health professional should take special care in determining the cause of a childs digestive symptoms. (NIH Publication, 2009) Although the bodys ability to produce lactase cannot be changed, the symptoms of lactose intolerance can be managed with dietary changes. Slowly introducing small amounts of milk or milk products may help some people adapt to them with fewer symptoms. Most of the time people find they can tolerate milk or milk products better by taking them with meals. (Thorn, A. 2010) Israeli researchers did a study of 66 LI people and discovered that they got less than the 700 mg of calcium a day. That is almost half the recommended 1000 to 1200 mg for healthy bone building. When scans were done they were also found to have thinning bones and to be at risk for osteoporosis and fractures.(NIH, 2009) People, who even after switching their diet, are still having symptoms can take over-the-counter lactase enzyme drops or tablets. Taking a few drops of the liquid enzyme may make the milk products more tolerable to consume for people with LI. (From the pharmacy, 2008)

Carl Friedrich Gauss Essay -- essays research papers

Carl Friedrich Gauss   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This report is on Carl Friedrich Gauss. Gauss was a German scientist and mathematician. People call him the founder of modern mathematics. He also worked in astronomy and physics. His work in astronomy and physics is nearly as significant as that in mathematics. Gauss also worked in crystallography, optics, biostatistics, and Making mechanics.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Gauss was born on April 30, 1777 in Brunswick. Brunswick is what is now called West Germany. He was born to a peasant couple. Gauss's father didn't want Gauss to go to a University. In elementary school he soon impressed his teacher, who is said to have convinced Gauss's father that his son should be permitted to study with a view toward entering a university. In secondary school nobody recognize his is talent for math and science because he rapidly distinguished himself in ancient languages. When Gauss was 14 he impressed the duke of Brunswick with his computing skill. The duke was so impressed that he generously supported Gauss until his death in 1806.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Gauss conceived almost all his basic mathematical discoveries between the ages of 14 and 17. In 1791 he began to do totally new and innovative work in mathematics. In 1793-94 he did intensive research in number theory, especially on prime numbers. He made this his life's passion and is regarded as its modern founder.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Gaus...

Satire in the Great Gatsby

Is Fitzgerald writing a love story that shows the American ideals, or is it a satire that comments on the American society in the roaring twenties? The novel The Great Gatsby is a satire type novel that comments on the American society during the roaring twenties.This is shown through the contrast of The Valley of Ashes and Gatsby’s parties, Gatsby himself, and Myrtle and George Wilson. Through these characters and places, Fitzgerald shows through satire, how the American dream isn’t real anymore and how it is now replaced with immoral activities and actions.The American dream has been replaced with greed and the pursuit of money rather than happiness. The valley of Ashes represents poverty and hopelessness. This location shows how the American dream has been perverted into something very dark and sinister.This is the desire of wealth at any cost and the ideal that money will make you happy. â€Å"This is a valley of ashes- a fantastic farm where ashes grow like wheat into ridges and hills and grotesque gardens; where ashes take the forms of houses and chimneys and rising smoke†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Pg. 26). this quote shows the affects of the modern materialistic society of New York.Everyone wants to be the rich but the poor suffer a lot due to the by-product of the capitalistic society. The by-product in this novel is the ashes. This shows how people throw out regard for other humans for the pursuit to be rich (This is very immoral).This is believed to be the American dream. On the other hand you have McArthur 2 Extravagant parties at the Gatsby house just to impress a girl. This is a sharp contradiction which fits into Fitzgerald’s attempt to use satire to prove the point that the American Dream is gone. Gatsby himself is the bets example of the pervetd new American dream. Gatsby gets his money through bootlegging.He does what every he can to get rich and what got him rich was illegal and immoral activities. â€Å"You’re one of the bun ch that hangs around with Mayor Wolfshiem- that much I happen to know. I’ve mad a little investigation into your affairs and carry it further tomorrow† (Pg. 104).This quote shows Tom accusing Gatsby of being a bootlegger. Gatsby gets rich just to get Daisy. The satire shown is that no matter how much money Gatsby has he is never happy and all he needs is Daisy but Daisy will not like him unless he is rich. This shows how the only thing Americans care about is money and how the American dream is no longer.Myrtle and George Wilson are the poorer characters in the book but both want the dream of being really rich. Myrtle tries to achieve this by having an affair with Tom who is rich. She cheats on George and she ends up getting hit by a car driven by Daisy.This event shows that there is no way of escaping the Valley of Ashes. George is a hardworking man and just wants to get some money and seem rich. He tries to buy Tom’s car just so he can have a really nice car. G eorge symbolizes that in modern America, you will not succeed in getting rich and achieving the false American dream of being rich and happy.George ends up committing suicide which furthers the ideal that you will not get out the valley of ashes. This is another form of satire trying to urge people to not go with moral decay and rather live a happy non-immoral life.McArthur 3 The novel The Great Gatsby uses Satire to show that the American dream is dead during the roaring twenties. Fitzgerald does this through the Valley of Ashes, Gatsby’s parties, Gatsby himself, Myrtle and George Wilson. The American dream has been replaced with greed and the pursuit of money rather than happiness.

Critical Analysis of the poem “Breaking Through” Essay

The poem Breaking Through written by Myrna Peňa-Reyes is very profound in terms of its appeal to the reader. The poem is all about the filial relationship between a son/daughter and a father. The poem basically revolves around the father and his son/daughter. The plot of the poem tells the reader that a certain persona in the first stanza  receives a parcel that came during that morning. The persona lamely opened the small box and it takes for him/her a short labor to undo the tie. Although the box is just small, it is being tied skillfully and very well. It is not stated in the first stanza where the package does came from but lately, it is being mentioned that it’s from the persona’s father. The package box came all the way across 10, 000 miles of ocean. While opening the box, the persona can feel the love of his/her father that binds them together. Breaking Through if examined could be the literal meaning of breaking through or the undoing of the strong thread of two or three strands that are being twisted together tied around the package box received by the persona from his/her father. The title its self could be the connotation of the applied effort of a certain persona in the poem in executing a little labor by untying the box. This effort of the persona in the poem is very present from line 1 to 7 of the first stanza. It says that, â€Å"Haltingly I undo the knots around your parcel that came this morning. A small box should require little labor, but you’ve always been thorough, tying things tight and well. The twine lengthens, curls beside the box.† The title Breaking Through is the metaphorical representation of the filial devotion of the persona to his/her father. The title could be the denotation of the persona in the poem of the lessons that he/she had learned from his/her father. It could also mean â€Å"love† as supported from the last two lines of the second stanza. The line say that â€Å"my father, this undoing is what binds us.† Although it’s not directly mentioned that love is the breaking through, it is showed indirectly through subliminal meaning of the phrase â€Å"this undoing is what binds us.† What makes the father and the persona bind? The clear and not vague answer is love, nothing more. The author also used symbols in the poem. The first symbol is the box. As an assertion, the box highly symbolizes the love of the father to the persona that is being away from him. It is distant because the author mentioned in the last lines of the first stanza. It says that the package box came across 10, 000 miles of ocean. The box also represents the longing of the father to  his son/daughter that is away from him for a long time. Through the box, the father extends his warm filial love to his son/daughter. The knots around the parcel also represents that the father’s love is true and fair to the persona. The love that is true and fair can be supported by lines from 6-7 of stanza 1 that says â€Å"but you’ve always been thorough, tying things tight and well. The twine lengthens† and lines from 11-12 of stanza 1 that says â€Å"you hoped the package would hold its shape across 10, 000 miles of ocean.† In those lines, the father of the persona tied the knots thoroughly to keep the package in its original shape from the father’s home until it reaches the persona’s hand. It only signifies that he wanted that his best regards and love would remain in tact after journeying across 10, 000 miles across the ocean. The knots also symbolized of how patient the persona’s father, it definitely reflects the he tied the box. In the poem, there is a mention of belt in the 10th line of first stanza. It says, â€Å"once your belt slapped sharply against my skin,† it is being enclosed in the parenthesis for further emphasis. The belt that the author projects in line 10 only symbolizes that the persona’s father is a man of discipline. He slaps the persona sometime in his/her childhood to discipline him/her. Through the belt, it shaped the persona for he/she no. through the father’s slapping, the persona learned things between bad and good, and right or wrong. The belt also symbolizes display or the manifestation of power. It only shows that during childhood of the persona, he/she exists in the patriarchal world. Indeed, during the persona’s childhood, he/she exists in te patriarchal society for he/she experienced being beaten by the father. Not using the scissors in cutting could also mean a lot in the poem. As an assertion, the persona did not use the scissors to unravel the tight knots of the box because the persona wanted to savor the moment of unraveling with love. If the person uses the scissors, it will project that the persona is non-appreciative of the love of the father. Not using the scissors could also mean that the persona prolonged the excitement by opening it very lamely. It also means that the persona had learned the craft of patience from his/her father. The author had also left its readers the dramatic impact by not revealing what is inside the box. It poses questions of what is inside the box. Is it a food? Books? Dress? Bag or anything that is liquid? The reader can’t figure out for its not revealed. A strong assertion is that, no matter what’s inside the box, it surely resembles the love of the father to the persona of the poem. In a contemporary setting, if the author is mentioning about across 10, 000 miles of oceans, the first that comes into the mind of the reader is that, the persona is situated abroad or in states. If being assumed that the father is in Philippines, maybe the persona is in West Asia, America, Europe, Australia and others. The reader does not also know if the persona is working abroad, married, touring and etc. because it’s not directly stated. What is very vivid in the context is that they are away from each other and they haven’t seen each other for a long period of time. The tone of the poem is about longing and sadness. In the first part of the poem, the persona undoes the box haltingly. Haltingly in other words could mean lamely. In this thought alone, an assertion came in that the persona is sad because it made him/her feel home sick as the box arrives. The tone of longing could also be sensed. As the persona is undoing the knots of the box, the persona reminisce his/her father-his teaching, disciplinary actions and love. Through the presence of the box, the persona can imagine his/her home that heightened his/her sadness and longing. Characterization of the father in the poem is also very effective. In the context, the father is portrayed as caring for he sends the persona a package box although its very far. Unlike other father figure, the father in the poem is very mild-not ruthless and cruel. Though there is a use of belt slapping in the poem, it is being done to discipline his child. The father did do it for a good purpose, for the benefit of the child when he/she grew up but not in the abusive manner. The father figure in here is perhaps a gentle and amiable father. The author also used strong images to convey the meaning of the poem. The delivery is very suggestive images like the undoing of the box; the scene is very vivid and understandable. Through this clear description, it brought the reader the catharsis of emotions or eliminating its complexity, the author effectively carried out the essence and meaning of the poem. In terms of form and structure, the author unconsciously celebrated the form over the content. Like T. S. Eliot, she has done it for she chose to write in free verse or blank verse. She does not follow rhymes and meters, what she did is the total deviation of the traditional metered poems. The style is very contemporary, or maybe it belongs to the Romantics. In general, the Breaking Through is a superb poem. It tackles a rarely touched theme in poetry, filial love. Through this theme, it makes the poem unique and notable.

Scrooge essays

Scrooge essays Ignorance In the famous story A Christmas Carol, the Ghost said to Scrooge ""These are your children Ignorance and Want." as he opened his robe to reveal two small unfortunate poverty stricken children. By this, the ghost meant that because of the cruelty of the world and irresponsibility, these innocent children must suffer. These children suffered because of careless people like Scrooge. The ghost meant unfortunate children like these are the responsibility of everyone. Their names were ignorance and want because they were a result of ignorant people and people who only wanted for themselves. In today's world many children also live in poverty. However there are many more organizations to help them and their families and to prevent them having to live on the streets. Such an example of an organization would be welfare. Welfare helps people by giving supplying food stamps and money to the less fortunate. Another caring organization would be the Salvation Army who gives food and clothing to people who need it. It is our responsibility to care for the needy by sponsoring a child for Christmas and donating money and clothing to the Salvation Army. Even though there are many "Scrooges" in our world we can still take on the responsibility of caring for those who need it. We may not need help now but the future is never certain. If you are kind to others, they will remember and be kind to you when you really need it. ...

Free Essays on Thai Marriage

One of the most important moments in a person’s life after birth is marriage. This is a special moment when a man and woman decide to unite in a bond that will influence them for the rest of their lives. However, marriage rituals and tradition vary from culture to culture. Even among people of the same race, ethnic or linguistic heritage can diversify. Like most cultures, the Thai culture has its unique ways to go about a marriage. In my interview, I interview two young males that are currently attending college. Their names are Chatchwal Ponguisooti and Piyamit Chomprasob. Chatchwal is twenty-two years old and attends Glendale Community College. He has lived in the United States for about ten years. On the other hand, Piyamit Chomprasob is seventeen years old and attends University of California Irvine. He has lived in the United States for about four years. When I interview both of these individual, they both commented on the idea that they wanted to get marry someday. However, their ideas of marriage where not very different. At the beginning of the interview, they both commented on the idea that they would not like their marriage to be arranged. They will both like to follow the traditions of the Thailand culture. The cost of the wedding would all be taken care by the groom’s parent’s, which would be given to the bride’s parent with the amount they demanded.... Free Essays on Thai Marriage Free Essays on Thai Marriage One of the most important moments in a person’s life after birth is marriage. This is a special moment when a man and woman decide to unite in a bond that will influence them for the rest of their lives. However, marriage rituals and tradition vary from culture to culture. Even among people of the same race, ethnic or linguistic heritage can diversify. Like most cultures, the Thai culture has its unique ways to go about a marriage. In my interview, I interview two young males that are currently attending college. Their names are Chatchwal Ponguisooti and Piyamit Chomprasob. Chatchwal is twenty-two years old and attends Glendale Community College. He has lived in the United States for about ten years. On the other hand, Piyamit Chomprasob is seventeen years old and attends University of California Irvine. He has lived in the United States for about four years. When I interview both of these individual, they both commented on the idea that they wanted to get marry someday. However, their ideas of marriage where not very different. At the beginning of the interview, they both commented on the idea that they would not like their marriage to be arranged. They will both like to follow the traditions of the Thailand culture. The cost of the wedding would all be taken care by the groom’s parent’s, which would be given to the bride’s parent with the amount they demanded....

Aquatic Communities

Aquatic Communities Aquatic communities are the worlds major water habitats. Like land biomes, aquatic communities can also be subdivided based on common characteristics. Two common designations are  freshwater and marine communities. Freshwater Communities Rivers and Streams are bodies of water that continuously move in a single direction. Both are rapidly changing communities. The source of the river or stream usually differs significantly from the point at which the river or stream empties. A variety of plants and animals can be found in these freshwater communities, including trout, algae, cyanobacteria, fungi, and of course, various species of fish. Estuaries are the areas where freshwater streams or rivers meet the ocean. These highly productive regions contain widely diverse plant and animal life. The river or stream usually carries many nutrients from inland sources, making estuaries capable of supporting this rich diversity and high productivity. Estuaries are feeding and breeding grounds for a variety of animals, including  waterfowl, reptiles, mammals, and amphibians. Lakes and Ponds are standing bodies of water. Many streams and rivers end in lakes and ponds. Phytoplankton are usually found in the upper layers. Because light is absorbed only to certain depths, photosynthesis is common only in the upper layers. Lakes and ponds also support a variety of plant and animal life, including  small fish, brine shrimp, aquatic insects, and numerous plant species. Marine Communities Oceans cover approximately 70% of the earths surface. Marine communities are difficult to divide into distinct types  but can be classified based on the degree of light penetration. The simplest classification consists of two distinct zones: the photic and aphotic zones. The photic zone is the light zone or area from the surface of the water to the depths at which the light intensity is only around 1 percent of that at the surface. Photosynthesis occurs in this zone. The vast majority of marine life exists in the photic zone. The aphotic zone is an area that receives little or no sunlight. The environment in this zone is extremely dark and cold. Organisms living in the aphotic zone are often bioluminescent or are extremophiles and adept at living in extreme environments. As with the other communities, a variety of organisms live in the ocean. Some include  fungi, sponges, starfish, sea anemones, fish, crabs, dinoflagellates, green algae, marine mammals, and giant kelp.